Consumer protection in digital markets has become a major public concern in recent years, and the UK is the latest jurisdiction to introduce legislation aimed at enhancing protections online. The Digital Markets, Competition, and Consumers Act (DMCCA or the Act) introduces significant overhauls to the UK’s legal framework, with implications for businesses with online operations.Continue Reading Consumer Protection in the UK: Update on Reforms Taking Effect in 2025 and 2026

On June 18, 2025, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas vacated most of the rules designed to enhance reproductive healthcare privacy promulgated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in 2024. More specifically, the court ruled in Purl v. United States Department of Health and Human Services et al, No. 2:2024cv00228 (N.D. Tex. 2025) (the Decision) that the “Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule to Support Reproductive Health Care Privacy” (the “2024 HIPAA Rule”) is contrary to law because it unlawfully limits state public health laws; impermissibly redefines certain terms in contravention of federal law and in excess of statutory authority; and exceeds HHS’s authority. Regulations promulgated under HIPAA prior to the 2024 HIPAA Rule remain unchanged.Continue Reading Texas District Court Vacates 2024 HIPAA Rule Designed to Enhance Reproductive Healthcare Privacy, Effective Nationwide

On June 19, 2025, the UK Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 was enacted, marking the culmination of a lengthy legislative process aimed at reshaping aspects of the country’s data protection regime. First proposed in 2021 as part of a government strategy titled, “Data: a new direction,” the legislation has undergone several rounds of revision since its initial introduction. Its passage reflects the UK’s desire to diverge, in measured ways, from the EU’s approach to data regulation in the post-Brexit landscape.Continue Reading UK Introduces New Legislation Amending Privacy Laws

Artificial intelligence (AI) companion apps have been in the news, with Commissioner Melissa Holyoak of the Federal Trade Commission calling for a study on AI companions earlier this month, and lawmakers at the state and federal level voicing concerns about the technologies. In response, New York has enacted the first law requiring safeguards for AI companions. Scheduled to come into effect on November 5, 2025, the law requires operators of AI companions to implement safety measures to detect and address users’ expression of suicidal ideation or self-harm and to regularly disclose to users that they are not communicating with a human. Here are some answers to the key questions about the law:Continue Reading New York Passes Novel Law Requiring Safeguards for AI Companions

On June 5, 2025, Nevada Governor Joe Lombardo signed AB 406, a law regulating the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for mental and behavioral healthcare. AB 406 comes as other states, such as Utah and New York, have taken steps to regulate AI chatbots, including AI chatbots providing mental health services. AB 406 prohibits offering AI systems designed to provide services that constitute the practice of professional mental or behavioral healthcare (such as therapy) and prohibits making representations that an AI system can provide such care. In addition, AB 406 limits how mental and behavioral healthcare professionals can use AI systems.[1] AB 406 takes effect on July 1, 2025.Continue Reading Nevada Passes Law Limiting AI Use for Mental and Behavioral Healthcare

Nebraska and Vermont are the latest U.S. states to join the growing landscape of children’s online safety laws that have swelled in state chambers in recent years. On May 30, 2025, Nebraska Governor Jim Pillen signed the Age-Appropriate Online Design Code Act (the Nebraska AADC). On June 12, 2025, Vermont Governor Phil Scott signed the Vermont Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (the Vermont AADC). In doing so, Nebraska and Vermont join California and Maryland, which in 2022 and 2024, respectively, enacted age-appropriate design code laws of their own. Notably, the ongoing legal challenges1 to the California and Maryland AADCs do not appear to have dissuaded state legislators from enacting AADC-style and other children’s online safety laws. The Nebraska AADC takes effect January 1, 2026 (though the state Attorney General (AG) must wait until July 1, 2026, to seek civil penalties). The Vermont AADC takes effect January 1, 2027.Continue Reading Nebraska and Vermont Pass Age-Appropriate Design Codes

On June 16, 2025, the Council of the EU (Council) and the European Parliament (EP) reached an agreement on a new regulation (the Draft Regulation) to enhance enforcement of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The Draft Regulation aims to improve cooperation between national data protection authorities (DPAs) to speed up their handling of cross-border GDPR complaints and related investigations.Continue Reading EU Reaches a Deal on Rules for Swifter Cross-Border GDPR Enforcement